Dados do Trabalho

Título

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF CAROTENOID FROM PALM OIL AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE AND TYPE OF SOLVENT

Introdução

Various extraction methods, including saponification and solvent extraction, offer unique advantages, with solvent extraction being favored for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, especially with organic solvents. Factors like solvent type, temperature, and time significantly affect extraction yield, with higher temperatures preferred for better results. Environmentally friendly solvents like DMSO and ethanol are effective in extracting both polar and nonpolar pigments from palm oil, making them promising for carotenoid extraction. Challenges remain in extracting multiple carotenoids from complex matrices due to their oxidative susceptibility, emphasizing the need for precise extraction control. This study aims to assess the temperature and solvent impact on carotenoid extraction to enhance process understanding and efficiency.The objective of this study is to assess the efficiency of carotenoid extraction from palm oil by evaluating the equilibrium data of the system under different conditions.

Material e Métodos

The study utilized palm oil procured from Ayasco (Kano, Nigeria) and shielded from light. Chemicals included ethanol, DMSO, acetic acid, and n-hexane. The equipment comprised a liquid-liquid cell, Marconi Ma 085 magnetic stirrer, analytical balance, ultra-thermostatic bath, and digital densimeter. Liquid-liquid equilibrium was determined using a glass equilibrium cell model. Mixtures of palm oil with ethanol, DMSO, or acetic acid were prepared at a 1:1 mass ratio, agitated, and temperature-controlled. Phases were collected after interface formation, evaporated to determine the solvent amount, and oil content calculated. All procedures were duplicated for accuracy

Resultados e Discussão

The study explores liquid-liquid carotenoid extraction from crude palm oil at temperatures of 40, 45, and 50°C, finding ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide to be most efficient, followed by acetic acid. Increasing temperature boosts carotenoid extraction, with the highest yield at 50°C. Equilibrium data for palm oil + ethanol + DMSO reveal improved miscibility at higher temperatures, suggesting potential for optimizing the extraction process.

Conclusão

The study identifies ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide as effective solvents for carotenoid extraction from crude palm oil, with temperature notably impacting extraction efficiency. Higher temperatures yield better results, with the optimum extraction observed at 50°C. Equilibrium data reveal improved miscibility at elevated temperatures, presenting opportunities for process optimization. These findings underscore the critical role of temperature control and solvent selection in maximizing carotenoid extraction from palm oil, essential for diverse industrial applications.